The other day it was reported that the Uganda economy may
beat projections and grow by seven percent above the expected 6.1 percent.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) think that this
beating of expectations will come as a result of the completion of certain
infrastructure projects, anticipated peace in South Sudan, developments in the
oil & gas sector and continued good output from agriculture.
"Economic growth is not a big story in Uganda. According to World Bank numbers the last time the economy did not grow was in 1985, when it contracted by 3.3 percent. Growth peaked at 11.5 percent in 1995 but for the most part has averaged about six percent in the last 30 years or so...
For development to happen, improvement in the general
standard of living, there has to be growth. There have been two problems for
the Uganda economy during the period.
One that we started from a low base. IT easier to grow a $4b
economy – where it was in 1986 by ten percent than it is to do the same to the
current $25b economy. SO while the numbers have been eye popping they may not
be saying very much on the ground.
Secondly that this growth has been concentrated in services,
construction and industry, meaning the main beneficiaries of this growth have
been urban dwellers. This accelerated growth has not been mirrored in
Agriculture from which seven in ten Ugandans derive a livelihood. And this to a
large extent is why many, if not most Ugandans feel the benefits of this
economic miracle continue to elude them.
But that might be changing.
Last week the Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA)
reported that coffee exports have increased by a million bags in the last three
years. In the current coffee season that runs from September – August, it is
expected that 5.1 million bags will be exported. This was not by mistake.
A plan to export 20 million bags by 2025 has led to a
dramatic increasing in coffee planting with 318 million seedlings planted for
distribution this year up from 45 million 2014.
"This is positive on several fronts but not least of all because most of this new production comes from small holder farmers, with coffee fields of five acres or less. Coffee a highly marketable commodity will allow more rural families to derive an income...
But even more important is that we shall start producing
coffee in quantities that can support a robust coffee processing industry.
Producing between two and four million bags a year for the
last 30 years gave little incentive for the big coffee roasters to come set up
shop here or even inspire the creation of local mega roaster. If that happened
farmers may benefit from the savings and get higher prices at the farm gate.
But maybe not.
The milk industry has been a key player in turning around a
trade deficit with Kenya. Our production now stands at about 2.5 billion liters
annually a more than ten-fold increment from 1986 when 200 million liters was
produced.
The downside is that milk prices have been falling with
increased production but on the bright side farmers and farmer groups are
looking to value addition to make the enterprise viable.
The point as with coffee and milk, there is more than enough
scope for expansion and our small holder farmer model means that more and more
people will benefit from robust growth in the agriculture sector.
But can also expect that out of necessity the small holder farmer will fade away either by exiting the industry or merging into bigger entities that can better compete and survive in a future of lower farmer gate prices...
Interventions by government to beef up its extension
services are welcome, as are efforts to provide irrigation infrastructure, a
lot of work needs to be done in getting the improved varieties of animals and
crops out of our labs and onto the market.
For the farmers too they need to be helped to operate like
businesses. This important because in their current state there is a ceiling on
their development as they cannot attract financing or new investors to scale up
their businesses. This is important in
order for our farmers to weather the vagaries of the weather and the market.
Government’s intervention of providing inputs through the
Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) were necessary and even welcome. While there is
room for a lot of improvement this is only the beginning and one intervention
the government can push to boost rural incomes.
Market access is being improved with the widening road
network and our improved regional connectivity.
So assuming that the weather holds up and government
officials don’t keep too much for themselves with agricultural production
growing exponentially, opening the door for agro-industry and the export of
value-added commodities, we might see the more equitable distribution of the
benefits of growth in coming years. So for many this maybe the first time they
acknowledge growth in the economy.
Fingers crossed.
