In recent days there has been talk of there being a shortage
of sugar in the market that necessitated the importation of sugar tax free to
alleviate the shortage and force prices down.
Currently sugar retail prices are hovering at around sh5000
a kg.
The claims first came to light in a dubious press report
which claimed government had allowed the importation of the tax free sugar.
Trade and industry minister Amelia Kyambadde refuted the claims and the sugar
industry came out to deny that they had run out of sugar.
"Word on the grapevine is that the people pushing this story and hoping to force government’s hand have already brought the sugar in and set to start churning it out to the unsuspecting masses ahead of the festive season...
This would be just another story were it not for the fact
that the sugar industry is the biggest employer in this economy, sup ports the
government not only through paying taxes but also in creating infrastructure
and providing social services in the places it operates.
A collapse of this industry, which is what would happen if
we allowed the importation of cheap sugar from abroad, would have a ripple
effect through the rural economies of eastern and western Uganda.
Is this being alarmist?
As a recently as a decade or two ago
Mumia Sugar in Kenya was crushing 10,000 tons a day, employing thousands
directly and indirectly and supporting a supply chain that stretched across the
region. However a connected elite, that the Kenyan press resorted to calling
the sugar barons, not only helped bring it to its knees but also won themselves
concessions to bring in tons of imported sugar hammering the final nail in
Kenya’s sugar industry.
Mumias is now down to crushing 1,000 tons a day on account
of mismanagement but also a gutting of it’s out grower farmer scheme.
This last point is important because in Uganda we are seeing
the same happening and given the Kenyan precedence it’s not a stretch to
foresee the collapse of the Uganda sugar industry.
And when that happens the blame will lie squarely with the
trade ministry.
For starters they have licensed 23 sugar companies in the
last few years, 13 of which are now operational.
In a well regulated industry licensing of sugar companies
ensures that they do not feed off each other’s plantations, which mean there
should be a minimum distance between operations to ensure this.
As it is now sugar companies are mushrooming in eastern
Uganda around the more established Kakira Sugar Works and Sugar Corporation of
Uganda Ltd (SCOUL). Their intention is clear, to feed off the two giants out
grower networks, without suffering the investment to build their own.
One indicator that this is happening is that for the 13
mills to be sustained today, crushing about 3,000 tons of cane a day the land
under sugar cane would have to rise to 214,500 hectares. Currently the land
under sugar cane in Uganda is about 120,000 hectares.
The biggest expense in the sugar industry in Uganda is the building
and sustaining the nuclear plantation and the out grower networks.
There is a proposed sugar policy that has been seating on
the shelf for at least a decade which prescribes that to set up a sugar milling
operation one must 500 hectares of plantation and not be within a radius of
25km of an existing operation.
Despite the pleadings of industry players government has
been dragging its feet on putting these rules in place.
"As a result of the cannibalism within the sugar industry the older players who were supporting outgrower farmers are scaling back their support which has resulted in production not growing to expected levels with the 13 players not producing as much sugar as the big three were producing last year...
The correct thing to do wold be to operationalize the sugar
policy as a basic framework on how to guide the industry.
Mauritius, trailblazers in sugar production worked this out
at least a decade ago. IN response to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules
that prohibited preferential treatment between nations they have had to
rationalise their sugar industry, consolidating from the more than 20 sugar
plants in 2006 to the current four.
This has allowed them scale to not only produce more refined
sugar but also to produce power, industrial alcohol and additives for the
construction industry.
The current confusion in the industry overseen by the trade
ministry will lead to the eventual collapse of the sector and the rise of
powerful sugar import cartels which will frustrate any revival of the industry.
This is unfortunate too, since the same ministry is
spearheading the Buy Uganda, Build Uganda (BUBU) initiative.
