Tuesday, January 5, 2016

LOOKING BACK ON THE MIXED BAG OF 2015

Another year has come and gone – don’t they seem to be passing by faster and faster these days?

Looking over the 40-odd Shillings & Cents column that have gone out during the year I dug up a few thoughts that would serve us well in the New Year and well in to the future. Below I excerpt some of these columns and the thoughts that should serve us well in the New Year.

1.      On Wealth inequalities …
At the beginning of the year UK based NGO Oxfam led by Winnie Byanyima, put out a damning report showing how world income and wealth inequalities were growing to unsustainable levels. The report pointed out that in a few years’ time one percent of the world’s population will own more than the rest of us combined.
Oxfam suggested that we break up the powerful interest groups that maintain the status quo.
Our suggestion?
“At the end of the day, the wider the wealth disparities are in a county is how inefficient the government is in creating wealth, through the encouragement of business on the one hand and redistributing this wealth through the building of infrastructure and improvement of the quality of the human resource...

2.    On government interventions in the market ….

In January the Swiss central bank had to give up trying to hold the Franc to a certain level against the Euro. A combination of factors that included uncertainity in the Euro zone due to the real possibility of Greece exiting and events in Russia which saw inflows to buy the safe haven currency, meant the peg was impossible to sustain. The Swiss spent $200b defending it over three years once again showing the following of trying to bet against the market for anyone even the most solid economies.

We wrote,
The Swiss have suffered the very same fate they were trying to avoid. Their exports now will cost consumers up to 20% more than last week, which may not be good for sales. It’s never a good idea to bet against the market, even if you believe the market is wrong. As they say the market can remain irrational longer than you can remain liquid....

3.      On unlocking our wealth …
In April we marvelled at the progress Umeme had made in a decade.  The distribution wing of the former UEB was passed off to private investors and by one metric alone had more than doubles subscribers to the grid to 600,000 during the period, a feat which took the original owners more than 40 years.
What made the difference?,To get an optimal return or result one has to focus on three broad areas the quality of human resource, making operations increasingly efficient and having an effective strategic processes...

4.      On the rise of the Ugandan manager ….
Allen Kagina took over at the Uganda National Road Authority (UNRA) in May for which we said,
“But beyond her potential impact at UNRA and her wellworn record at URA, Kagina is a front runner in a new crop of parastatal manager that is debunking the notion that we lack effective managers among our number to run our most prized assets.”

And added,
“And finally Kagina’s recognition as a top manager but just importantly, as a woman manager, signals the acceptance of women as managers able of taking on the “tough” assignments society had decided belonged to men.”
Enough said.

5.      On fallen heroes ….
In May we lost Ivan Kyayonka long time boss at Shell and chairman of various boards. The loss of life is always tragic but Kyayonka’s loss will be particularly telling.
 "It is men like Kyayonka, sadly in short supply, who are badly needed to populate, our management suites, our public service and even lead our schools, so that we generate more of his kind to unlock the vast potential of our country. Because people are what make things happen and not the other way around...

6.      On how far we have come …
In June in a post-budget column, we reflected on how far we had comes as an economy. WE noted that in the 1986/87 budget government set out to spend $785m or about sh2.4 trillion at current prices which was a tenth of this year’s budget. We said the biggest contributor to this jump in revenues was the liberalisation of the economy and the privatisation of public companies.

However, we thought, “"But whereas we have done  a better than average job at rehabilitating our physical infrastructure, there is an urgent need now to get our soft infrastructure – laws and  institutions, to work for the benefit of the private individual and private sector.”

7.      On shopping malls …
Prompted by a typhoid outbreak in one of better known malls down town we wondered at the folly of the mushrooming new malls.
"It seems to be, that the sum total of our market research before we go into business, is to look around at what other people are doing and join the bandwagon,” going on to speculate that the money behind these malls maybe hot money looking for refuge. Only time will tell.

8.      On the legacy of the Idi Amin era ….
We were perturbed by attempts to revise history -- particularly of the eight years when Idi Amin held sway of our country, out of ignorance or out of a deep seated hatred for the current government.
“But the more you examine the period you realise that the breakdown in physical infrastructure was not the worst legacy of the era. The real tragedy was the break down in the spirit of a once proud people and the missed opportunities for development that cannot be recovered...
And we added,
"We celebrate the cronies of the state who businesses were dished to in 1971, but if you look for where they are now, you would be hard pressed to find a handful who parlayed those assets and the passing of the last 45 years into sizeable business with at least a national presence, live alone regional presence.”

9.      And finally we were at a loss to understand the justification for the white elephant that will envitably be the Kiira Motor Corporation,
"As a country we have neither the comparative advantage -- that we can make cars better than any other product, nor the competitive advantage -- that we can make cars better than other people, which is a red flag for the enterprise. Both conditions are not insurmountable but at great cost and without guarantee of success.”

There was more throughout the year but these were probably the choicest subjects.


Have a Happy New Year, people!

Monday, January 4, 2016

IN THE NEW YEAR MEASURE OUT PUT NOT INPUT

What is the difference between governments and business?

Businesses provide a good or service for the public just as government. Businesses employ people as does government. Businesses buy products from the market just as government.

The main difference – as they maybe many, is that business measures it success by output – profit, return on investment, market share while governments measures success by input – classrooms, health centers, kilometres of road built.

Some may argue that a road built is an output but imagine a businessman counting output as hotels built when he is barley doing 30 percent occupancy? The hotel as the road, is a means to an end.

If one were to argue that the businessman want to enrich himself and his partners, the same could be said about the government official, unfortunately his actions suggest his partners are not the people who employ him.

"This difference is at the heart of the reason why governments the world over are notoriously bad at business. Because their measure of success is not one that is suited to building business...

A businessman needs to pay attention to his return on investment, how much money he has got out for what he has put in, because it determines the very survival of his enterprise and also because you do not get rich by funnelling your money into a bottomless pit.

And because of that the businessman has to work out how to collect the most revenue with the least cost or at optimal cost. This means every coin has to count. US billionaire investor Warren Buffett says he worries when he hears a manager saying they will focus on control costs, to him it is like breathing you don’t go out there determined to breath you just do it in the normal course of getting about.

However the businessman can’t go around taking an axe to costs as he may hack off the muscle with the lard, they have to be systematic and not all costs should be cut some will rise while others fall, depending on how they will affect final output.

In addition a good businessman knows that his inputs have to be quality inputs otherwise he may cheat the market for a bit but it will soon catch up to his underhand markets and vote with its feet – away from him.

The naysayers will say but the businessman his selfish he does this all for his own enrichment. 

Maybe that’s why the quality of our businessmen is so wanting.

The good businessman will enrich himself only to the extent that more and more people partake of his goods or benefit from his service. By extension a businessman has to be selfless before he is selfish.

Which brings us squarely to what we wish government could start doing in the New Year.

Let us say the betterment of the people of Uganda is the bottom line and everything done will be done in the employ of this worthy goal.

So while building thousands of classrooms is admirable even desirable we want to measure the output from our schools. Inputs are good to measure for political purposes could it’s much easier to put up a school block than to churn out first grades.

If we dot the countryside with health centers do we have the staff and medicine to ensure they deliver quality health services? Do we see a corresponding drop in diseases with the setup of a health unit?

"Unfortunately political considerations colour judgement. Politicians often have to pander to certain constituencies for their survival, constituencies which are good for nothing other than to sponge off the state, it’s even doubtful that they deliver votes...

We are I a good place right now in Uganda to make that shift in government operations. Over the last 30 years we have built a usable institutional capacity, credible revenue collections and some success in addressing some of our pressing issues that can be replicated around the country.

The mind shift to measuring outputs versus slobbering over inputs is what I wish for Ugandan in the New Year.

Happy New Year to you all!


Thursday, December 31, 2015

UGANDA: OUT OF THE FRYING PAN IN 2015 AND INTO THE FIRE IN 2016?

Ugandans are looking to the New Year with a combination of hope but mostly concern as 2015, a year characterised by economic hardship and rising political tension, winds down.
In April the central bank raised its policy rates, a move for which they received a lot of criticism as inflation was only at 1.9 percent. They explained that the action was taken in anticipation of rising inflation as the shilling begun to plummet and commodity exports slumped.

Tuesday, December 29, 2015

THE TOP 10 OF SHILLINGS & CENTS 2015

It has been another year in our journey through time.

During that time Shillings & Cents has taken more than a passing interest in events affecting us. Sometimes with cheeky irreverence, often with head shaking incredulity but always with well meaning sincerity this blog has attempted to uncover the meaning behind and implications that will follow everyday events, which will determine our futures and the very course of history, and even there, I fear I understate the reality.

Below is a ranking by hits per story of the most read articles off this blog in 2015, from the fate of floundering generals to the shamelessness of grubby fingered officials to the geopolitical storms brewing in all around us and further afield to the brainless upbringing of future generations.

The list is by no means comprehensive. Stories of noteworthy importance that did not make the list, but which also enjoyed great popularity include Uganda's tourism gets a short in the arm, How the rich save, The scandal of NSSF's billions and The scent of roses and wealth , all deserving of mention just that there were better entries, but let me not spoil it for you....


10. LESSONS FROM THE UGANDA-KENYA SUGAR BURST UP

Kenyan authorities have been restricting sugar imports from Uganda. They argue that our factories are not producing sugar surplus to our requirements therefore we must be importing sugar for onward sale in Kenya.

Read More 


9. OBAMA WALKS TIGHT ROPE IN AFRICA VISIT

US President Barack Obama’s landmark visit to Kenya had him sticking to the script -- extolling democracy, hinting on human right concerns but all the while being careful not to upset key regional allies in the fight against terror.

At a press conference in Nairobi he chastised Kenya for not respecting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) rights, a rejoinder by his counterpart Uhuru Kenyatta to the effect that it was a non-issue for him and his countrymen, put paid to that discussion.

Read more

T7. THE UNCOMFORTABLE TRUTH THE UGANDAN POLLS ARE THROWING UP

Over the last two weeks the New Vision has been running a poll that sampled people’s opinions on the Social, Political, Economic and Cultural issues in our society.

The poll, which randomly sampled more than 6,000 respondents from 43 districts around the country is bound to be a trigger for many other polls coming out in the lead up to the elections next year.

Read more

T7. UGANDA SUGAR STIRS UP KENYAN POLITICS


Perennial nearly-man of Kenyan politics, Raila Odinga is kicking up a storm in the sugar growing regions of western Kenya, mobilising the population to resist the importation of Ugandan sugar to bridge the shortage in the market.

Kenya’s sugar manufacturing industry, which is mostly controlled by the government has failed to keep up with the population’s demand for sugar. As a result their local industry only produces 500,000 tons of the 830,000 tons the region’s largest economy demands.

Read more

6. GENERAL SEJUSA’S TRAVAILS A STAGE IN UGANDA'S EVOLUTION

It started much earlier but let us use January 26th 1986 as a reference point to chart events and place the events surrounding our most recent headline grabbers, Amama Mbabazi and General David Sejusa’s, in a bigger context.

When the rag-tag National Resistance Army overran Kampala, the city’s state of disrepair was emblematic of the general state of the nation. Electricity supply was intermittent or non-existent for most of the capital’s residents, roads were in such a sorry state as the normal traffic rules were suspended, bread, sugar, paraffin and even bar soap were a luxury.

Read more

5. THE UNWHOLESOME PRESSURE WE PUT ON OUR CHILDREN


Last week 23 year old Joan Abua, frustrated with her third O-levels failure, committed suicide by hanging herself from a tree behind the family home in Akongo village, Otuke district.

In letters she left behind for her family, she lamented, “This world is not easy, I tried my best in vain” and while thanking people for coming to her funeral, she promised to curse her relatives if the letters were not read out for the mourners.

Read more

4. SHILLING COLLAPSE IS OUR FAULT NOT THE DOLLAR’S


Last week the US dollar burst through historical highs against the shilling raising inflationary fears and more stress for local businessmen.

The dollar traded above sh3,000 on Tuesday and held there by the time of publication. This is the highest the dollar has been against the shilling.

Read more

3. UNRA’S FATE IS AN INDICTMENT ON OUR SOCIETY


This week the Uganda National Road Authority (UNRA) board took a chainsaw to its staff, sacking all of them to facilitate a complete overhaul of the organisation, which has become the poster boy for corruption and greed.

The almost 900 workers will be let go over the following weeks but have been given the option to reapply for their jobs when applications are called.

Read more

2. IS OUR SOCIETY IRREDEEMABLY CORRUPT?


This was yet another week in which corruption dominated our headlines.

Uganda National Road Authority (UNRA)’s Allen Kagina took a slasher to the organisation’s hierarchy, sacking some, encouraging others not to seek contract renewal and causing soul searching in the authority, which had become the byword for the worst excesses of corruption in this country’s history.

Read more


1. NOW WE ARE GOING INTO CAR MANUFACTURE?


Last week the Kiira Motors Company (KMC) unveiled their 25 year old business plan.

The company which started as some engineering undergraduates tinkering around resulted in the development of the Kiira EV prototype, a car that runs on electric power in 2011. According to the business the planned car assembly plant will employ up to 10,000 people, is projected to be profitable by 2023 and at full capacity in 2039 will be rolling out 60,000 units.

Read more

Tuesday, December 22, 2015

HOW TO TURN AGRICULTURE AROUND

Two weeks ago Uganda’s best farmers, as judged by a New Vision poll, congregated on the lawns of the Serena Hotel to decide who was the fairest of them all.

The choice of the five star hotel as the venue to celebrate farmers seemed counter-intuitive at first, but why not?

"Farmers, account for about 30 percent of our economic output, more than half our export earnings and provide a livelihood for seven in every ten Ugandans. What better way to begin to start acknowledging their importance than to wine and dine them at our top hotel?...

At the end of the night Tonny Kidega from northern Uganda put another exclamation mark to the event. A dairy farmer from northern Uganda, he upset the stereotypes that dairy farmers come from western Uganda, and with his victory made the emphatic statement that northern Uganda is ready to take its place in the development of this country.

There were several things to note on the night and which provide useful pointers in our effort to use agriculture as the springboard to industrialisation and beyond.

First of all, the winners relied more on individual initiative, not seating around waiting for hand outs from government or elsewhere. Secondly, they employed vastly improved agricultural methods, which while they are not perfect ensure that the outputs from their farms is way above their contemporaries who farm for subsistence or own farms as a status symbol.

However it is in these related issues that government needs to intervene in the sector to level the playing field, so to speak.

Kidega is himself a veterinary doctor so in effect he provides his own extension services. The other winners were united in their use of expert help, either public or private, in extracting the maximum from their farms.

"The singular failure of the government towards the sector in recent years is the collapse of the provision of extension services especially for those, who unlike Kidega and his fellow winners cannot afford to pay for pricier services. Extension workers would help improve farming methods, keep farmers up to date with the use and adoption of inputs, organise them to improve their bargaining power and to take advantage of economies of scale...

During a recent tour of the Madhvani’s Kakira sugar plantations it was reported that the 9000 –odd out growers are serviced by about 100 extension works – called outgrower superintendents, who looked into everything from scheduling planting to credit provision to welfare services.

Using Kakira as model would mean that Uganda’s four million agricultural household would need at least 40,000 extension works roaming around the country side assisting them improve the productivity of their farms.

The reality of course is much different. According to an agriculture ministry survey in 2011 barely 700,000 families or least than one in five farmers had come in contact with an extension worker.
It’s no wonder that agriculture is growing at less than five percent a year, probably buoyed more by the Kidega’s than the majority small holder farmers who populate the country side and, God bless them, feed the rest of us.

Not to belabour the point but this is key.

 All the competing farmers were ordinary men and women who decided to jump in feet first in an enterprise that, while it is central to this country is treated with disdain, and find a way to not only make it work but make serious incomes from it. And all of them have, by no means reached their full potential.

Unfortunately and unnecessarily they have gone through a process not unlike reinventing the wheel to iron out the kinks that come with farming in this country. The learning curve could have been much improved with the help of better advice about the peculiar circumstances each found themselves in.

"If we are looking for a game changer in agriculture, to raise output from our farmers, which can form the base for a robust agroprocessing industry, we can do little better than investing more determinedly in agricultural extension services...

And we will not be reinventing the wheel. Older generations talk of young eager – mostly, male , extension workers scouring the countryside on foot and bicycle, servicing farmers.


People think that the difference between the great agricultural concerns of this country the sugar plantations of eastern and western Uganda, the oil palm plantations of the islands or the coffee farmers of the Mubende-Mityana area is there size, but on closer analysis it is the access to quality advice that makes the difference.

Monday, December 21, 2015

BURUNDI TRAGEDY HAPPENING AT THE WORST POSSIBLE TIME

A tragedy begins to unfold before our very eyes in Burundi.

Since last week about a hundred people have been killed following an attack on three military installations in the small east African nation.

Some observers say these were just the latest in an insidious campaign, which begun as a drive to snuff out opposition to a third term bid by President Pierre Nkurunziza, but which now threatens to spin out off control as the victims resort to retaliation as the state offers no redress.

The tension between the Hutu and Tutsi in that part of the world is always bubbling under the surface threatening to flare up at the slightest provocation. Fuelled by bad politics, dehumanising poverty and callous geopolitics a repeat of the 1994 Rwanda genocide is never discounted.

"The historical context is long but to summarise, when Belgium colonised Rwanda and Burundi they found dichotomous societies where the minority Tutsi ruled over the majority Hutu. The Belgians amplified this divide – as was the wont of all colonialists, by favouring the ruling Tutsi against the rest in terms of access to education, health and the general economic advancement.
They then upped and left, leaving the fissures and tribal animosities not only intact, but festering, presumably for us to sort ourselves. Well, we are doing that the best way we know...

Post-colonial governments since have been able to keep the lid on by sheer brute force. But these pressures are always looking for release and the more they are capped, the more likely they are to explode with devastating and unanticipated consequences.

Ideally what should have happened is that through stability and economic development, these ethnic divides would have been smoothed out, even eradicated. With stability as both sides become more and more economically dependent on each other for survival, and even to thrive, commercial interest would subsume tribal fidelities.

It did not happen, so the populations of that region find themselves in a perpetual death clinch where mutual distrust means there is always a sense of foreboding.

It has come at a bad time.

To begin with the general international posture seems to be, like it was for Rwanda in 1994, that it is happening in a small place in the center of Africa, there is little risk of a regional conflagration, so make some appropriate sounds, half-hearted threats and let it work itself out.

Secondly, there are regional rivalries that are staying local actors’ hands.
In the East Africa Community Burundi has aligned itself with Tanzania, while the action men of Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya have gone about fast tracking regional integration. While Rwanda, with most to lose by a flare up of those ancient animosities, very similar to the ones at home, would love to offer some leadership – especially military, in resolving the issue, it daren’t do so without a regional consensus, which maybe hard to come by now.

Uganda is leading an already existing mediation process, Kenya is not known for military adventurism and in Tanzania, the leadership is only just finding its feet.

But as if that is not enough the regional actors’ economies are reeling from a strengthening dollar and falling commodity prices. There is little room to manoeuvre in terms of playing a more active role in Burundi unilaterally or collectively.

It is a sobering reality.

I imagine the diplomatic cables are being employed over time, favours are being called in and less charitable words are being exchanged, to see this issue resolved as quickly as possible. Which is as it should be.

It however raises real questions for the East African Community.


"In the event of likely future episodes like this, with the rest of the world distracted or apathetic to  our plight, can we build the capacity to clean up our own mess?..

Thursday, December 17, 2015

UGANDA’S TOURISM GETS A SHOT IN THE ARM

Former Dutch and Barcelona FC striker Patrick Kluivert’s spectacular goal in a weekend exhibition match in Uganda’s capital, Kampala, may be the shot that launches a thousand ships towards Uganda’s shores, tourism promoters’ hope. The goal, whose video has been viewed by more than 85,000 people after…

Must Read

BOOK REVIEW: MUSEVENI'S UGANDA; A LEGACY FOR THE AGES

The House that Museveni Built: How Yoweri Museveni’s Vision Continues to Shape Uganda By Paul Busharizi  On sale HERE on Amazon (e-book...