IN THE FUTURE HOME WORK AND EXAMS UNNECESSARY

 In his book the “Origin of Wealth” author Eric D. Beinhocker deconstructs the concept of wealth and comes to the conclusion that knowledge is the origin of wealth; the more you know the wealthier you are or at least can be.

So professors should be the richest men around? Not necessarily.

Beinhocker’s thesis could be applied to individuals but it is easy to see this applied with the collective knowledge of a given society. The more knowledgeable societies are the richer ones.

"You are poorer than the next man because you do not know something he knows. And we are not talking about book knowledge. He has years of experience that allow him to take advantage of circumstances or he knows somebody who can help or he is at the right time at the right place and he is the right person because of the cumulative weight of his learning, experience and personality...

So to create a wealthy society we need to focus on accumulating knowledge, which would then bring our education system into sharp focus.

Our education system has not fundamentally changed much in the last century or at least it is not keeping up with developments around us.  But we need not feel so bad, we are not alone.

In the US for instance manufacturing jobs are being shipped abroad to low cost labour centers in Asia. Manufacturing is the biggest driver of jobs in developing economies and this has served the US well over the last two centuries of its existence. The US has moved up the value chain with jobs to be found in the high knowledge industries in services and technology.

As the wealth disparities in the American society widen they are forced to look harder at their education system.

Earlier this year New  York Times columnist Thomas Friedman wrote that in the future—and it has already begun, people will not look for jobs but will have to invent their own jobs.

He said the current system is aimed at building “college ready” and not the necessary “innovation ready” students.

The former are pumped full of increasingly obsolete information while the latter are primed to be curious, creative and willing to take risks, prepared for an ever changing world where learning is a continuous process.

Education specialist Tony Wagner told Friedman, “Today, because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device, what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity to innovate — the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life — and skills like critical thinking, communication and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge. As one executive told me, ‘We can teach new hires the content, and we will have to because it continues to change, but we can’t teach them how to think — to ask the right questions — and to take initiative.’ ”

The three Rs – reading, writing and arithmetic, will continue to be the basis of any knowledge but if you think about it, those are more less sorted out by the time you leave primary school. So what next?

In training children Wagner said in the article, “We need to focus on teaching and skill and will to learn and to make a difference and bring the three most powerful ingredients of intrinsic motivation into the classroom: play, passion and purpose.”

The teachers’ job shifts from imparting rote learning to helping graduate learners.

It is a hard concept for us to wrap our minds around, us who have been brought up through our traditional systems, but we really have no choice.

Which brings us full circle to the issue of wealth creation and future income disparities.

"Given the above we can already tell by looking at who goes to which school, who will be falling behind the rich stakes ten-, 20-, 30- years from now. The winners will be the kids whose perspectives are being widened by exposure to many things, are introduced early to the concept of research and working in teams – all critical skills in the world now but will be even more so in the future....

For those who cannot imagine a world without tons of homework and burning the midnight oil for exams they should look to Finland, which is arguably the most innovative country in the world and well geared for the future.

In Finland, “They learn concepts and creativity more than facts and have a choice of more electives – all with a shorter school day, little homework and almost no testing,” Wagner says.

Your children’s success will be determined by what they know and reliving your own academic journey may not necessarily be the right thing for them in world, which will place more emphasis on what you can do and your adaptability than what you know.

UNCLE BOB IS NOT DONE YET

Zimbabwe went to the polls on Wednesday to elect a president. The now perennial two horse race pitted President Robert Mugabe against his Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai.

Mugabe has run the southern Africa nation for thirty three years now and at 89 shows no interest in stepping down soon.

Since 1980 he has strengthened his hold on power by first neutralizing his most credible opposition, fellow freedom fighter Joshua Nkomo and his ZAPU party, became an executive president, broke the back of the white commercial farming class by arbitrarily distributing land and is now well on the way to retiring Tsvangirai, the former trade unionist and the latest challenge to Mugabe’s hold on power.

"From afar we click our tongues at Mugabe and wonder why he just doesn’t let go. We lament that in trying to hold on to power he has whittled away any good will he had as a freedom fighter. And we sigh at how he has brought a once vibrant economy based on agriculture and mineral wealth literally to its knees...

Ranting about neo-colonial plots he has, simultaneously forced his country to surrender part of its sovereignty by using the US dollar as the national currency. Inflation had so got out of hand that the Zimbabwe Dollar was not worth the paper it was printed on and in an effort to restart the economy the country adopted the US dollar as it’s on.

And we wonder what happened to Uncle Bob.

He does not fit the stereotype of the cold war buffoon – he has several degrees to his name and they must be genuine judging by his eloquence in the languages he speaks and command of the English language. He is not a fool.

To psychoanalyse Mugabe from this far away is futile, impractical and unnecessary. It is more useful to understand power – how it is captured and retained, in trying to work out but not justify, the motives of Uncle Bob.

Mugabe came to power at the head of ZANU, a political group that sponsored a rebellion against Ian Smith’s white minority rule government. Zimbabwe like South Africa and Kenya was earmarked by the British as a colony, a place they intended to settle forever not unlike Australia and New Zealand. In such instances the war for independence and eventually against white minority rule, was often bloody, with the colonial government aided substantially by the settler community.

The settler community were the beneficiary of large tracts of the most fertile land from which the local population were displaced previously.

So the hero worship a figure like Mugabe enjoys from the beginning is enough to paper over any shortcomings he may have, as anything is better than the oppression of the colonial administration.

In addition the nature of the freedom struggle was not very structured, with decision making centralized and often times done on the go. There was no real institutional structure to defer to and this arbitrariness carried on into government, overriding established procedures and institutions.

And last but not least was the question of how do you reward the “comrades in arms” who had executed the struggle in the absence of well laid procedure?

We shouldn’t forget too that once Mugabe assumed the leadership of Zimbabwe, his rivals did not slink off into the sunset to lick their wounds, but  made tactical withdrawals with every intention of dislodging him by any means, fair or foul.

"The dynamics of holding on to power in the context of a pliant population, eroding institutional capacity and a base of cronies fattened on the spoils of war meant Mugabe’s rule, or anyone else in his peculiar circumstances, could only go one way -- downhill.....

And so many years down the road when the leader gets an attack of conscience and seems to be faltering in his resolve to hang on, his associates will be quick to reassure him how he is still needed and if the worst comes to the worst black mail him to continue, if only as a figurehead.

They fear that his capitulation could weaken them against attack from external forces or worse, cause internal rivalries to erupt and jeopardize the whole project. Keeping him on is there best bet for continued feasting at the high table.

Mugabe still talks a good game, tearing into his rivals, and pumping up neocolonial conspiracy theories to justify his place, but it is hard to believe he is not alone, held hostage by these power bases that he built up to bolster himself over the last three decades.

The poll results were not out by the time of going to press but they will be announced by the end of business on Monday. It is hard to see any other result than a continuation of Uncle Bob’s tenure at the top of Zimbabwean affairs.

But then again stranger things have happened!

THIS IS HOW DEMOCRACIES ARE BUILT

Tipping point, the term popularized by author Malcolm Gladwell, refers to how an accumulation of small events or actions over time can lead to huge social changes, that when viewed without the context of the build up look spontaneous, are often dramatic and many times irreversible.

As the events are occurring in real time it is hard to foretell their eventual impact or understand their relationship to each other, as they can be separated by time and space as to seem unrelated occurrences.

With the benefit of hindsight historians may make the connections, providing a logical and coherent explanation for why things turned out the way do.

Events in the last few weeks – the appointment of General Aronda Nyakairma to minister of internal affairs, the extension of retired Chief Justice Benjamin Odoki’s term as the fourth in the line of presidential succession and even the maddening news that our honourable MPs are buckling under the weight of their own debt, contrary to the consensus among the chattering masses, are welcome road signs on the bumpy road to democracy.

"There was vocal opposition to President Yoweri Musevni’s nomination of Nyakairima, former chief of defence forces, as minister while he still retained his commission in the army. Those opposed argued that Nyakairima would have to retire from the army to fill the position.  The attorney general however advised that the constitution does not expressly bar a military man from being a minister. A case is being filed or has been filed with the constitutional court to rule on the matter.

It was also reported that Museveni had extended Odoki’s tenure at the helm of the judiciary for another two years. Odoki attained the mandatory retirement age of 70 for his position in March, stayed on till June to hand over. The Uganda Law Society is protesting the development and the suggestion is that they too will challenge this development in court.

With each announcement we started frothing at the mouth, wondering what the president was thinking and mustering our best i-told-you-so voice, we rehashed the line of how Museveni was burying democracy, wants to rule forever, he is treating the country like his personal property blah, blah, blah, blah.

When the 1995 constitution was passed with the provision that the suspension of political party activity would continue, the doomsayers were up in arms wailing how Uganda was finished and democracy had suffered irreparable damage. Now nearly 20 years not only is Uganda still here but political parties are back from the cold and finding their feet.

And like many of the laws on our books today, the 1995 constitution was lauded as a document that had the potential to take the country to the next level. But like many of our laws too, many have lamented that the constitution is hurt by our failures on the implementation side.

Also it should be understood that any constitution provides a broad framework for how society will be governed, with the details of how this is done found in lesser laws and administrative instruments. So often times as in the two appointments an issue of interpretation arises and guidance then has to be sought from the constitutional court.

Which is as it should be. It is impossible to draw up a water tight law that will cater for all possible circumstances that will occur into the future.

"Interpretation of the constitution is then coloured by the politics of the day...

With on one hand the government trying to advance its own agenda, which may or not be in the interest of the general public and the opposition who also want to further their own agenda, which may or may not be in the interest of the general public.

Governments will always try to extend the boundaries of their power and the opposition out of necessity have to make sure this does not happen, with whatever means they have at their disposal.

This is neither bad nor good, it’s just the way it is.

So the two appointments are government flexing its muscle. Going to court may or may not see a reversal of the decisions, but will hopefully bring greater clarity to the subject and one more inch on the thousand mile walk to democracy.

Rounding back to the MPs and their indebtedness. This could easily be dismissed as a case of personal financial indiscipline were it not for the fact that MPS make laws, are supposed to oversee government on behalf of the people and do such things as approve the budget, we have to get concerned.

If there was any evidence that the house could end up selling their allegiance to the highest bidder the reports that overtures have been made to foreign governments to alleviate the honourable members’ plight was proof enough.

This could be a major stumbling block to democracy.

"It is an illusion to think progress will be steady and ever forward or that it will happen in spurts and bursts. Most likely to will be small movements backwards or forwards happening everyday which taken individually don’t amount to much but taken in totality, over years, decades, centuries have far reaching effects....

What we are witnessing now is the messy business of building a democracy. There are no guarantees that it will have a happy ending but we have to wade through the murky morass to have a chance to get to the other side, there are no shortcuts.

Hence the tipping point.

UGANDA MPS ARE A DANGER TO THEMSELVES AND SOCIETY

For the second time since the beginning of this year it was reported that MPs of the NRM caucus ambushed President Yoweri Museveni with a request for him to employ his good office to alleviate their debt burden.

The first time this report came out was in March.

"But last year another report indicated that MPs were up to their necks in debt, with as much as sh20b owed to banks, suppliers and loan sharks. Debt in itself is not bad and is actually critical to wealth creation. But many of the MPs had squandered the contracted debt on high living and risky speculation and were taking home several thousands out of their sh20m a month pay checks...

In regular society a person who cannot meet his credit obligations is avoided like the plague and his day of reckoning – when he has dug all the holes he can to fill other holes, comes soon enough.

But our MPs are not normal members of society.

To begin which they are referred to as honourable, a title which bestows upon them a certain halo of uprightness and dignity. The human brain tends to cut corners in its decision making processes, so if society has bestowed that title on you we take it at face value and treat you as such – until we find out different.

And in relation to this they can seek refuge in the precincts of parliament and no one can find them there. For anyone who has had creditors on their necks for payment they can understand the benefits of such a safe haven.

But more importantly MPs are tasked with the carrying out such serious tasks as making laws and approving the government budget.

For this reason alone we cannot leave the MPs plight to discussions over a beer.

"Given their important role, it is not inconceivable that a person with deep pockets can “buy” that house and have them singing their bidding. After all sh20b or about $8 million is pocket change for someone wanting access to the vast mineral resources this country possesses or to ok a loan request or make laws that would be detrimental to the general public...

This week it was reported that already overtures were made to a foreign nation to clear this debt. I have my doubts about that, suspecting it was a ploy to arm twist the executive to pay up, but it still raises some ugly possibilities.

But also that our MPs can find themselves weighed down by such debilitating debt speaks volume about our society’s failures.

At the core of the problem is our general financial illiteracy. We generally believe that money will solve all our problems and that we are not obligated to repay our loans.

So sometimes when we happen on financial bonanzas – like the MPs have we take a rural approach to urban excitement and quickly find out having money comes with obligations, though it might take us a few more collapses to learn the laws of money.

"For the health of their own business the creditors may consider having these politicians declared bankrupt. In one fell swoop we would have rid the house of these MPs who are a danger not only to themselves but to society at large and this would also act as an example to their contemporaries and aspiring politicians....

It would be wrong for government to bail them out as it would deny them the lesson and encourage moral hazard. That would be the right thing to do, the political solution maybe very different.

Whichever way it falls this situation has to be resolved soon before our legislative process are mortgaged to the highest bidder.

AT NSSF, NO GOOD DEED GOES UNPUNISHED

Let me start by declaring my interest in the subject.

I am a contributing member of the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) and have been most of my working life. I don’t care what the fund does as long as it can grow my money year after year.

The management team led by Richard Byarugaba, paid me 10% on my savings and pledged to hold my returns above the average inflation rate of the previous ten years. They managed to do this thanks to improved returns in their investing and a restructuring of their operations that has made them leaner and more cost effective.

Having been in office for the last three years (why do they have three year contracts and not five like everybody else?) – the first two of course spent cleaning up the mess they found there, and having performed well during the period, my jaw hit the floor when I learnt that the finance ministry was not going to renew their contracts. In fact finance minister Maria Kiwanuka was going to advertise the top management jobs and the current crop are free to reapply!

“After due consultations within the ministry, I strongly recommend [that] all senior positions up to and including the managing director should be advertised internationally,” Kiwanuka wrote to the NSSF board.

I am sure it’s within the minister’s right to do what she has done but knowing what disruption happens when there is a change of management, particularly at NSSF, I wonder whether she is acting in my best interests.

According to media reports the minister was taking this action in light of recent allegations of mismanagement leveled against the current management and lodged with the IGG.

I have seen the allegations by the anonymous whistleblower, which range from alleged fraudulent land acquisitions to charges that management set its own salary to questioning the mobile phone bills.

Interestingly certain actions that are being investigated are not the fault of the current management.

The disposal of a piece of land in Namirembe is a case in point. The half-acre piece of land, which was bought at sh650m, a price significantly above the valuation price when it was bought in 2008, has no access road and is surrounded by the land of a prospective buyer. Management with the approval of the board approved the disposal but unfortunately current valuations have only just caught up with the price at which the fund bought it five years ago.

On the surface of it the decision is between selling it now and make a real loss but unlock the cash for use on alternative investment or retain the plot until it appreciates so you can record a profit. If you are a prudent businessman you would opt for the former but if you are a politician the latter would be more favourable.

The IGG should and must investigate the allegations and get to the bottom of the matter. But to use the IGG’s investigation as a reason to not extend the NSSF’s management’s contract seems to me like overkill. What happened to being innocent until being proven guilty? For a bystander the automatic assumption is that while the IGG might still be investigating or compiling the final report, the minister knows something the rest of us don’t.

Maybe the prudent thing would be for the IGG to investigate and report on the matter and if the management is found lacking then action can be taken against them even if it’s on the second day of their new contract.

Given too that the management have explained themselves to the board who have recommended and extension of their contract … Frankly it all doesn’t add up.

NSSF is the biggest financial institution in this country with more than three trillion shillings under management, the interest in controlling it should come as no surprise. But this musical chairs of management teams, whichever way you look at it just doesn’t augur well for the continuity that is badly needed in the management of long term funds.

NSSF’s it seems will retain its reputation as the graveyard of careers. Unnecessarily so this time, I think.

But what do I know, I am just a lowly saver trying to get the best deal for my hard earned savings.